What are Abortifacients?

An abortifacient is defined as “an agent (such as a drug) that induces abortion.” However, manufactures often market these drugs under the name “contraception” to make them more appealing to consumers.

Many Contraceptives Are Really Abortifacients

In 1963, the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare shared the widely held definition of abortion as “all the measures which impair the viability of the zygote at any time between the instant of fertilization and the completion of labor.” Indeed, until the mid-1960s, scientists universally acknowledged that human life begins at the moment of fertilization of the ovum by the sperm somewhere in the Fallopian tube.

In order to make abortion-causing methods more palatable in societies that still widely rejected abortion, and to circumvent laws designed to prohibit abortion, the promoters of birth control realized that they had to blur the line between conception-preventing (contraceptive) and early abortion-causing (abortifacient) actions. They did this by changing the definition of “conception” from fertilization (union of sperm and ovum) to implantation. Under the new definition of “conception,” if a device or drug―such as an IUD or hormonal contraception―prevents implantation, then no abortion takes place.

The “family planning” industry finally succeeded in 1965, when the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published its first Terminology Bulletin, stating: “Conception is the implantation of a fertilized ovum.”¹ It is important to note that this change in terminology was clearly not based upon new scientific findings but was a political decision to appease birth control activists.

Dr. J. Richard Sosnowski, head of the Southern Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, a member group of ACOG, acknowledged this nonscientific change almost two decades later:

I do not deem it excellent to play semantic gymnastics in a profession…. It is equally troublesome to me that, with no scientific evidence to validate the change, the definition of conception as the successful spermatic penetration of an ovum was redefined as the implantation of a fertilized ovum. It appears to me that the only reason for this was the dilemma produced by the possibility that the intrauterine contraceptive device might cause abortion.²

In other words, manufacturers of abortifacients call their products “contraceptives” not because they prevent conception but because they prevent implantation. As we shall see, this game of words is unscientific.

What Is True Contraception?

A true contraceptive method prevents conception in one or more of these ways:

1. It places an actual mechanical barrier (such as a condom or cervical cap) between the sperm and ovum to prevent them from uniting.
2. It thickens the cervical mucus, preventing the easy travel of sperm.
3. It inhibits ovulation, preventing the release of a mature ovum.
4. It blocks the Fallopian tube or vas deferens through sexual sterilization.

When effective, each of these methods prevents a new human being from being created.

What Is an Abortifacient?

Recall that an abortifacient is “an agent that induces an abortion.” Depending on the type of abortifacient, the abortion happens by preventing the implantation of the early human being (blastocyst) in the uterus or by killing the preborn child shortly after implantation.

There are two distinct kinds of abortifacients. The first includes drugs and devices that continually maintain a certain level of hormones in the woman’s body, mimicking pregnancy. While these can also have a genuine contraceptive effect, each also has the potential to alter the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to prevent the implantation of a tiny human being.

Methods that prevent implantation include:

• Oral contraceptives such as the birth control pill
• Intrauterine devices
• Injectables such as Depo-Provera
• Implants such as Norplant, Jadelle, Implanon, and Nexplanon

The second type of abortifacient directly kills an existing preborn child. Also referred to as “medical abortion,” these include:

• RU-486 (the “abortion pill”)
• The methotrexate/misoprostol combination
• “Emergency contraception”: These abortifacients have many forms and are sometimes called “morning-after pills.” They consist of high doses of the artificial steroids used in oral contraceptives. The most popular brand is Plan B.

The Input of Modern Science

Despite the birth control industry’s political victories in influencing the language of certain medical organizations, embryology (the field of science that specifically deals with the biological facts of the beginning of life) still holds that a new human being comes into existence at conception/fertilization.

Embryologists have found that from the first moment of creation, the new human being’s genetic code is complete, his sex is determined, and with proper nourishment in the womb he will continue to develop as every human being does. This is not a religious viewpoint; it is hard science.

There is also no scientific debate about the abortifacient effects of the drugs in question (though some drugs are still being tested), as the tiny embryonic human being may very well be killed when prevented from implanting in the womb. The manufacturers and promoters of these birth control methods, however, having largely won the debate over language, continue to market their products as “contraception.”

The patient inserts for all abortifacients are available online, and descriptions of how they operate to alter the endometrium are shown below. These products generally work to suppress ovulation and cause changes in the consistency of cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the ovum. These are true contraceptive effects.

However, as we have seen, these products also alter the uterine lining, making implantation much more difficult. In a cycle where ovulation was not prevented and fertilization takes place, a “silent abortion” will occur. Some examples of the way these “contraceptives” work are listed below:

• Depo-Provera “inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins which, in turn, prevents follicular maturation and ovulation and results in endometrial thinning.”
• Nexplanon “works using a hormone that stops an egg from being released by your ovary and prevents sperm from reaching the egg. It also changes the lining of your uterus.”
• Intrauterine Devices (such as Mirena): According to RX List, “Studies of Mirena and similar LNG IUS prototypes have suggested several mechanisms that prevent pregnancy: thickening of cervical mucus preventing passage of sperm into the uterus, inhibition of sperm capacitation or survival, and alteration of the endometrium.”
• NuvaRing “contains 2 kinds of female hormones, estrogen and progestin, which work together to prevent pregnancy. They are the same kind of hormones found in the pill and they work the same way to prevent pregnancy even though they are administered differently.”
• Plan B Contraception: This “morning-after pill” works to prevent ovulation, but can also prevent a baby from implanting in the uterus. According to the Polycarp Institute: “If both sperm and an egg are present and one does not see evidence of clinical pregnancy, then abortion is the most likely mechanism of action.”
• Yasmin “changes the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg.”

Abortifacients Harm the Mother

The patient information pamphlets for the above abortifacients reveal that, in addition to potentially causing an early abortion, they can harm the woman as well, as they can cause a variety of more than 80 side effects depending upon the method.

These side effects come from a powerful group of chemicals called steroids and synthetic progestogens and progestins. And they range from the serious (paralysis, toxic shock syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, stroke, and heart attack) to the less serious (hypertension, anemia, and varicose veins).

You can read more about these side effects in our eight-page booklet that you can order from our store.

Endnotes

[1] American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Terminology Bulletin, “Terms Used in Reference to the Fetus,” Chicago: ACOG, September 1965.

[2] J. Richard Sosnowski, MD, “The Pursuit of Excellence: Have We Apprehended and Comprehended It?” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, September 15, 1984, page 117.